Sensor Inserter Having Introducer

ABSTRACT

Methods, device and system for providing a sensor insertion assembly including an inserter housing, an introducer including a body portion having a proximal end and a distal end and a shaft portion comprising a channel and a distal end, the shaft portion extending downwardly from an edge of the body portion, the shaft portion including a holding member disposed along a length of the channel, the holding member configured to substantially releasably retain a sensor, an on-body electronics unit, wherein the introducer is configured for insertion of the sensor through an aperture in the on-body electronics unit prior to insertion through skin and a drive mechanism included in the inserter housing and operatively coupled to the introducer, wherein the drive mechanism drives the introducer and retained sensor through the skin are provided.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674, filed Sep. 28, 2013, entitled “Sensor Inserter Having Introducer”. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/893,974 filed Sep. 29, 2010, entitled “Sensor Inserter Having Introducer,” which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/246,825 filed Sep. 29, 2009, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/795,634 filed Jun. 7, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,602,991, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/216,932 filed Aug. 30, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,731,657, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/022,616 filed Feb. 7, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/240,257 filed Sep. 30, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,883,464, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/552,065 filed Oct. 23, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,259,175, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/129,573 filed May 29, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,613,703, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/941,060 filed May 31, 2007, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/870,818 filed Aug. 28, 2010, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/238,159 filed Aug. 29, 2009, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/873,301 filed Aug. 31, 2010, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/238,494 filed Aug. 31, 2009, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/873,302 filed Aug. 31, 2010, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 61/238,537 filed Aug. 31, 2009 and 61/238,483 filed Aug. 31, 2009, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/171,401 filed Jun. 28, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,572,534, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/359,816 filed Jun. 29, 2010, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/434,804 filed Mar. 29, 2012, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/470,454 filed Mar. 31, 2011, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/026,766 filed Dec. 29, 2004, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/252,118 filed Oct. 3, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,364,149, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/365,334 filed Feb. 28, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,029,441, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/970,397 filed Aug. 19, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,480,421, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/240,259 filed Sep. 30, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,512,243, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/530,473 filed Sep. 10, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,398,882, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/240,259 filed Sep. 30, 2005, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,512,243, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/380,883 filed Apr. 28, 2006, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/717,501 filed Dec. 17, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,862,198, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/530,472 filed Sep. 10, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,333,714, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/192,773 filed Jul. 29, 2005, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/552,072 filed Oct. 23, 2006, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/027,230 filed Dec. 29, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,571,624, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/895,015 filed Sep. 30, 2010, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,351,669, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/247,516 filed Sep. 30, 2009, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/617,698 filed Dec. 28, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,545,403, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/754,870 filed Dec. 28, 2005, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/571,349 filed Sep. 30, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,852,101, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/535,983 filed Sep. 28, 2006, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,697,967, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/754,870 filed Dec. 28, 2005, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/032,593 filed Feb. 15, 2008, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/890,497 filed Feb. 19, 2007, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/040,674 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/495,795 filed Jun. 30, 2009, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure relates to a sensor delivery unit. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a sensor inserter having a safety member to impede actuation of the inserter. The present disclosure also relates to an introducer having a holding member configured to releasably retain a sensor, such as an analyte sensor. The introducer can further comprise a compressible member configured to tent the skin and puncture the skin to a reduced depth during insertion of a sensor. The present disclosure also relates to a method of arming the sensor delivery unit.

BACKGROUND

Diabetes Mellitus is an incurable chronic disease in which the body does not produce or properly utilize insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar (glucose). In particular, when blood sugar levels rise, e.g., after a meal, insulin lowers the blood sugar levels by facilitating blood glucose to move from the blood into the body cells. Thus, when the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin (a condition known as Type I Diabetes) or does not properly utilize insulin (a condition known as Type II Diabetes), the blood glucose remains in the blood resulting in hyperglycemia or abnormally high blood sugar levels.

The vast and uncontrolled fluctuations in blood glucose levels in people suffering from diabetes cause long-term, serious complications. Some of these complications include blindness, kidney failure, and nerve damage. Additionally, it is known that diabetes is a factor in accelerating cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), leading to stroke, coronary heart disease, and other diseases. Accordingly, one important and universal strategy in managing diabetes is to control blood glucose levels.

The first step in managing blood glucose levels is testing and monitoring blood glucose levels by using conventional techniques, such as drawing blood samples, applying the blood to a test strip, and determining the blood glucose level using colorimetric, electrochemical, or photometric test meters. Another more recent technique for monitoring glucose levels is by using commercially available continuous glucose monitoring systems.

In accordance with the monitoring of glucose levels, a sensor is typically subcutaneously or transcutaneously positioned under the skin of a user. In this regard, a sensor inserter assembly, which can be preloaded with a sensor, is employed to insert the sensor through the skin of a user. A new sensor is generally implanted under the user's skin every three to seven days. Thus, easy to use sensor inserter assemblies causing reduced trauma to the skin during use are desired.

SUMMARY

In certain embodiments, a sensor insertion assembly is provided that includes an inserter housing, an introducer including a body portion having a proximal end and a distal end and a shaft portion comprising a channel and a distal end, the shaft portion extending downwardly from an edge of the body portion, the shaft portion including a holding member disposed along a length of the channel, the holding member configured to substantially releasably retain a sensor, an on-body electronics unit, wherein the introducer is configured for insertion of the sensor through an aperture in the on-body electronics unit prior to insertion through skin and a drive mechanism included in the inserter housing and operatively coupled to the introducer that drives the introducer and retained sensor through the skin.

In certain embodiments, the introducer holding member may include one or more rolling members disposed along a length of the shaft portion, the rolling members configured to contact and releasably retain the sensor. The introducer rolling members may be configured to rotate. The sensor retained by the shaft portion of the introducer may be displaced from the shaft portion upon rotation of the rolling members. The introducer rolling members may be disposed within the channel. The introducer rolling members may be disposed within a sidewall of the channel. The introducer shaft portion may include an aperture formed in the channel, and the sensor may include a flange extending from an edge of the sensor, the flange disposed in the aperture formed in the channel. The aperture may include a section configured to be wider than the width of a sensor flange such that the sensor may be displaced from the shaft. The introducer holding member may comprise a sponge material disposed along the channel of the shaft portion, the sponge material configured to provide a soft interference fit with a sensor disposed in the shaft portion.

In certain embodiments, the introducer shaft portion is substantially hollow. The introducer shaft portion may be configured to retain at least a portion of the sensor substantially subcutaneously when the shaft portion is removed from a skin layer. The introducer distal end may include a tapered end configured to pierce the skin layer and at least a portion of the sensor may be substantially retained within the shaft portion while the tapered end is piercing through the skin layer. The sensor may be substantially contemporaneously transcutaneously introduced through the skin layer when the tapered end of the shaft portion is transcutaneously introduced to the skin layer. In certain embodiments, the sensor includes an analyte sensor. The analyte sensor may be a glucose sensor. The introducer may be configured to position the analyte sensor in fluid contact with an analyte of a user.

In certain embodiments, the introducer may include a compressible member having a distal end, the compressible member attached to a lateral side of the introducer shaft portion, wherein the distal end of the compressible member is distal to the distal end of the introducer shaft portion. The compressible member may be configured to retract to allow the sharp to penetrate skin of a user.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A detailed description of various aspects, features, and embodiments of the subject matter described herein is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are briefly described below. The drawings are illustrative and are not necessarily drawn to scale, with some components and features being exaggerated for clarity. The drawings illustrate various aspects and features of the present subject matter and may illustrate one or more embodiment(s) or example(s) of the present subject matter in whole or in part.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a sensor inserter and adhesive mount constructed in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the adhesive mount and sensor attached to the user's skin in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the transmitter attached to the adhesive mount in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the inserter of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic depiction of an introducer and sensor in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 7 is a is a schematic depiction of a shaft portion of the introducer in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a shaft portions having one or more holding member in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the shaft portion of FIG. 8 in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view of a shaft portion having one or more holding member in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the shaft portion of FIG. 10 in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a shaft portion having one or more holding members in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of a shaft portion having one or more holding members in accordance with the disclosed subject matter in a first configuration;

FIG. 14 is a sectional view of a shaft portion having one or more holding member in accordance with the disclosed subject matter in a second configuration;

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of a shaft portion having one or more holding member in accordance with the disclosed subject matter in a second configuration;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the shaft portion of FIG. 15 in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the shaft portion of FIG. 15 in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIGS. 18-20 are views of a shaft portion in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 21 is a sectional view of a shaft portion having one or more holding member in accordance with the disclosed subject matter in a second configuration;

FIG. 22 is a sectional view of a shaft portion having one or more holding member in accordance with the disclosed subject matter in a second configuration;

FIG. 23 is a side view of a shaft portion comprising a compressible member in accordance with the disclosed subject matter in a second configuration;

FIG. 24 is an enlarged side view of a shaft portion of FIG. 23 in accordance with the disclosed subject matter in a second configuration;

FIG. 25 is a partial side view of a shaft portion of FIG. 23 in accordance with the disclosed subject matter in a second configuration;

FIG. 26 is a sectional view of a shaft portion of FIG. 23 in accordance with the disclosed subject matter in a second configuration;

FIG. 27 is a side view of a shaft portion of FIG. 23 in accordance with the disclosed subject matter in a second configuration;

FIGS. 28-30 are schematic depictions of the introducer of FIGS. 23-27 depressing the skin and retracting to allow introducer sharp to pierce the skin in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIGS. 31-45 are perspective views of some embodiments of the safety member of the sensor inserter assembly in accordance with the disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 46 is a cross-sectional view of an inserter having a pin disposed against the shuttle of the inserter in accordance with the disclosed subject matter; and

FIGS. 47-49 illustrate a method of arming a sensor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

A detailed description of the disclosure is provided herein. It should be understood, in connection with the following description, that the subject matter is not limited to particular embodiments described, as the particular embodiments of the subject matter may of course vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting, since the scope of the disclosed subject matter will be limited only by the appended claims.

Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value between the upper and lower limit of that range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range, is encompassed within the disclosed subject matter. Every range stated is also intended to specifically disclose each and every “sub-range” of the stated range. That is, each and every range smaller than the outside range specified by the outside upper and outside lower limits given for a range, whose upper and lower limits are within the range from said outside lower limit to said outside upper limit (unless the context clearly dictates otherwise), is also to be understood as encompassed within the disclosed subject matter, subject to any specifically excluded range or limit within the stated range. Where a range is stated by specifying one or both of an upper and lower limit, ranges excluding either or both of those stated limits, or including one or both of them, are also encompassed within the disclosed subject matter, regardless of whether or not words such as “from”, “to”, “through”, or “including” are or are not used in describing the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosed subject matter belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present disclosed subject matter, this disclosure may specifically mention certain exemplary methods and materials.

All publications mentioned in this disclosure are, unless otherwise specified, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety herein for all purposes, including without limitation to disclose and describe the methods and/or materials in connection with which the publications are cited.

The publications discussed herein are provided solely for their disclosure prior to the filing date of the present application. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the present disclosed subject matter is not entitled to antedate such publication by virtue of prior disclosure. Further, the dates of publication provided may be different from the actual publication dates, which may need to be independently confirmed.

As used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

Nothing contained in the Abstract or the Summary should be understood as limiting the scope of the disclosure. The Abstract and the Summary are provided for bibliographic and convenience purposes and due to their formats and purposes should not be considered comprehensive.

As will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading this disclosure, each of the individual embodiments described and illustrated herein has discrete components and features which may be readily separated from or combined with the features of any of the other several embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the present disclosed subject matter. Any recited method can be carried out in the order of events recited, or in any other order which is logically possible. Reference to a singular item, includes the possibility that there are plural of the same item present. When two or more items (for example, elements or processes) are referenced by an alternative “or”, this indicates that either could be present separately or any combination of them could be present together except where the presence of one necessarily excludes the other or others.

Various exemplary embodiments of the analyte monitoring system and methods of the present disclosure are described in further detail below. Although the present disclosure is described primarily with respect to a glucose monitoring system, each aspect of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiment so described. Accordingly, it is to be understood that such description should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure, and it is to be understood that the analyte monitoring system can be configured to monitor a variety of analytes, as described below. Further, section headers, where provided, are merely for the convenience of the reader and are not to be taken as limiting the scope of the present disclosure in any way, as it will be understood that certain elements and features of the present disclosure have more than one function and that aspects of the present disclosure and particular elements are described throughout the specification.

A. Overview

The present disclosure is generally directed to an analyte monitoring system including an apparatus, such as an inserter, configured to insert various devices into the body of a subject, such as for example, an analyte sensor, an infusion set, or a lancing device.

Certain classes of analyte monitoring systems are provided in small, lightweight, battery-powered and electronically-controlled systems. Such systems may be configured to detect signals indicative of in vivo analyte levels using an electrochemical sensor, and collect such signals, with or without processing the signal. In some embodiments, the portion of the system that performs this initial processing may be configured to provide the raw or initially processed data to another unit for further collection and/or processing. Such provision of data may be effected, for example, via a wired connection, such as an electrical, or via a wireless connection, such as an IR or RF connection.

Certain analyte monitoring systems for in vivo measurement employ a sensor that measures analyte levels in interstitial fluids under the surface of the subject's skin. These may be inserted partially through the skin or positioned entirely under the skin. A sensor in such a system may operate as an electrochemical cell. Such a sensor may use any of a variety of electrode configurations, such as a three-electrode configuration (e.g., with “working”, “reference” and “counter” electrodes), driven by a controlled potential (potentiostat) analog circuit, a two-electrode system configuration (e.g., with only working and counter electrodes), which may be self-biasing and/or self-powered, and/or other configurations. In some embodiments, the sensor may be positioned within a blood vessel.

In certain systems, the analyte sensor is in communication with a sensor control unit. As used in this disclosure, an on-body unit sometimes refers to such a combination of an analyte sensor with such a sensor control unit. The analyte monitoring system may include an on-body unit including a sensor and a monitor unit. Exemplary embodiments of combination analyte sensor and sensor control unit configurations are further disclosed in, among others, U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/873,301 and 11/530,473, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. In some embodiments, the on-body unit includes electronics configured to process the signal generated by the sensor and may further include a transmitter, transceiver, or other communications electronics to provide the processed data to the monitor unit via a communication link between the on-body unit and the monitor unit.

Analyte monitoring systems, in some embodiments, include an adhesive mounting unit for adhering the on-body unit to a patient's skin. Exemplary mounting units can be found in, among others, U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 12/873,302, 13/171,401, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,572,534, and Ser. No. 11/027,230, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,571,624 the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. In certain embodiments, mounting units include a base module in addition to an adhesive. The base module may be configured to physically couple with the on-body unit electronics for adhesive mounting of the on-body unit electronics to the patient. Examples of such coupling embodiments can be found in, among others, Ser. No. 12/895,015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,351,669, and Ser. No. 11/365,334, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,029,441, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. In some embodiments the mounting unit may also include a temperature sensing module to monitor the temperature of the skin of the patient, such as disclosed in Ser. No. 11/026,766, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

In certain embodiments, the on-body unit is placed on the skin of the patient prior to insertion of the sensor through the skin. In such embodiments, the sensor may be inserted through an aperture in the on-body unit prior to penetration of skin. Exemplary disclosures of these embodiments can be found in, among others, U.S. Publication Nos. 2011/0213225, 2010/0198034, 2010/0324392, 2011/0319729, 2011/0288574, 2012/0010642 and 2013/0150691, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

The monitor unit can include a display for displaying or communicating information to the user of the analyte monitoring system or the user's health care provider or another. The monitor unit is also referred to in this disclosure as a “receiver unit” or “receiver device”, or in some contexts, depending on the usage, as a “display unit,” “handheld unit,” or “meter”. In some embodiments, receiver may also include buttons and/or scroll wheel which allow a user to interact with a user interface located on receiver. The monitor unit, in some embodiments, may include, e.g., a mobile telephone device, a personal digital assistant, other consumer electronic device such as MP3 device, camera, radio, etc., or other communication-enabled data processing device.

The monitor unit may perform data processing and/or analysis, etc. on the received analyte data to generate information pertaining to the monitored analyte levels. The monitor unit may incorporate a display screen, which can be used, for example, to display measured analyte levels, and/or audio component such as a speaker to audibly provide information to a user, and/or a vibration device to provide tactile feedback to a user. It is also useful for a user of an analyte monitor to be able to see trend indications (including the magnitude and direction of any ongoing trend), and such data may be displayed as well, either numerically, or by a visual indicator, such as an arrow that may vary in visual attributes, such as size, shape, color, animation, or direction. The receiver device may further incorporate an in vitro analyte test strip port and related electronics in order to be able to make discrete (e.g., blood glucose) measurements.

In certain embodiments described herein, on-body unit and monitor unit communicate via communications link (in this embodiment, a wireless RF connection). Communication may occur, e.g., via RF communication, infrared communication, Bluetooth® communication, Zigbee® communication, 802.1x communication, or WiFi communication, etc. In some embodiments, the communication may include an RF frequency of 433 MHz, 13.56 MHz, or the like. In some embodiments, a secondary monitor unit may be provided. A data processing terminal may be provided for providing further processing or review of analyte data.

In certain embodiments, the analyte monitoring system may be a continuous analyte monitor (e.g., a continuous glucose monitoring system or CGM), and accordingly operate in a mode in which the communications via communications link has sufficient range to support a flow of data from the on-body unit to the monitor unit. In some embodiments, the data flow in a CGM system is automatically provided by the on-body unit to the monitor unit. For example, in some embodiments no user intervention is required for the on-body unit to send the data to the monitor unit. In some embodiments, the on-body unit provides the signal relating to analyte level to the receiving unit 300 on a periodic basis. For example, the signal may be provided, e.g., automatically sent, on a fixed schedule, e.g., once every 250 ms, once a second, once a minute, etc. In some embodiments, the signal is provided to the monitor unit upon the occurrence of an event, e.g., a hyperglycemic event or a hypoglycemic event, etc. In some embodiments, on-body unit may further include local memory in which it may record “logged data” or buffered data collected over a period of time and provide the some or all of the accumulated data to monitor unit from time-to-time. A separate data logging unit may be provided to acquire periodically received data from on-body unit. Data transmission may be one-way communication, e.g., the on-body unit provides data to the monitor unit without receiving signals from the monitor unit. In some embodiments, two-way communication is provided between the on-body unit and the monitor unit.

In some embodiments, the analyte monitoring system includes a sensor which obtains an analyte signal which is provided to the monitor unit “on demand.” According to such embodiments, the monitor unit requests a signal from the on-body unit, or the on-body unit may be activated to send signal upon activation to do so. Accordingly, one or both of the on-body unit and monitor unit may include a switch activatable by a user or activated upon some other action or event, the activation of which causes analyte-related signal to be transferred from the on-body unit to the monitor unit. For example, the monitor unit is placed in close proximity with a transmitter device and initiates a data transfer, either over a wired connection, or wirelessly by various means, including, for example various RF-carried encodings and protocols and IR links.

In some embodiments, the signal relating to analyte level is instantaneously generated by the analyte sensor upon receipt of the request, and provided to the monitor unit as requested, and/or the signal relating to analyte level is periodically obtained, e.g., once every 250 ms, once a second, once a minute, etc. Upon receipt of the “on demand” request at the on-body unit, an analyte signal is provided to the monitor unit. In some cases, the signal provided to the monitor unit is or at least includes the most recent analyte signal(s).

In further embodiments, additional data is provided to the monitor unit “on demand.” For example, analyte trend data may be provided. Such trend data may include two or more analyte data points to indicate that analyte levels are rising, falling, or stable. Analyte trend data may include data from longer periods of time, such as, e.g., several minutes, several hours, several days, or several weeks.

In some embodiments, analyte monitoring systems may further include medication infusion devices integrated therewith. Examples of such embodiments can be found in, among others, U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/552,065 and 12/032,593, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

Further embodiments of analyte monitoring systems and on demand analyte monitoring system are further disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,175,752 and U.S. Publication Nos. 2011/0213225, 2010/0198034, 2010/0324392, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,402,544, 2011/0319729, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,215,992, 2011/0288574, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,265,453, 2012/0010642, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,186,098 and 2013/0150691, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,402,570, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Further details regarding on demand systems are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,620,438, U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2009/0054749, 2007/0149873, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,014,773, 2008/0064937, 2008/0071157, 2008/0071158, 2009/0281406, 2008/0058625, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,920,907, 2009/0294277, 2008/0319295, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,597,188, 2008/0319296, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,617,069, 2009/0257911, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,252,229, 2008/0179187, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,808,515, 2007/0149875, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,515,518, 2009/0018425, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,160,670, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/625,524, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,390,455, Ser. No. 12/625,525, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,358,210, Ser. No. 12/625,528, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,115,635, Ser. Nos. 12/628,201, 12/628,177, 12/628,198, 12/628,203, 12/628,210, 12/393,921, 61/149,639, 12/495,709, 61/155,889, 61/155,891, 61/155,893, 61/165,499, 61/227,967, 61/163,006, 12/495,730, 12/495,712, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,437,827, Ser. Nos. 61/238,461, 61/256,925, 61/238,494, 61/238,159, 61/238,483, 61/238,581, 61/247,508, 61/247,516, 61/247,514, 61/247,519, 61/249,535, 12/544,061, 12/625,185, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,354,013, Ser. No. 12/625,208, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,042,954, Ser. Nos. 12/624,767, 12/242,780, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,983,568, Ser. Nos. 12/183,602, 12/211,014, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,636,884, and Ser. No. 12/114,359, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,080,385, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein for all purposes.

B. Sensor

The sensor, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, can be configured to detect and monitor an analyte of interest present in a biological sample of a user. The biological sample can be a biological fluid containing the analyte of interest, such as (but not limited to) interstitial fluid, blood, and urine. The analyte of interest can be one or more analytes including acetyl choline, amylase, bilirubin, cholesterol, chorionic gonadotropin, creatine kinase (e.g., CK-MB), creatine, DNA, fructosamine, glucose, glutamine, growth hormones, hormones, ketones, lactate, peroxide, prostate-specific antigen, prothrombin, RNA, thyroid stimulating hormone, and troponin. However, other suitable analytes can also be monitored, as would be known in the art. Furthermore, the analyte monitoring system can be configured to monitor the concentration of drugs, such as, for example, antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin, vancomycin, and the like), digitoxin, digoxin, theophylline, warfarin, and the like.

During use, the sensor is physically positioned in or on the body of a user whose analyte level is being monitored by an insertion device. The sensor can be configured to continuously sample the analyte level of the user and convert the sampled analyte level into a corresponding data signal for transmission by the transmitter. In some embodiments, the sensor is implantable into a subject's body for a period of time (e.g., three days, five days, seven days, etc.) to contact and monitor an analyte present in the biological fluid. Thus, a new sensor must be used typically every three to seven days.

Generally, the sensor comprises a substrate, one or more electrodes, a sensing layer and a barrier layer, as described below and disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,284,478 and 6,990,366, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein for all purposes. In one embodiment, the sensor includes a substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate is formed from a relatively flexible material. Suitable materials for a flexible substrate include, for example, non-conducting plastic or polymeric materials and other non-conducting, flexible, deformable materials. Suitable plastic or polymeric materials include thermoplastics such as polycarbonates, polyesters (e.g., Mylar® and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethanes, polyethers, polyamides, polyimides, or copolymers of these thermoplastics, such as PETG (glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate). In other embodiments, the sensor includes a relatively rigid substrate. Suitable examples of rigid materials that may be used to form the substrate include poorly conducting ceramics, such as aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide. Further, the substrate can be formed from an insulating material. Suitable insulating materials include polyurethane, Teflon (fluorinated polymers), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET, Dacron) or polyimide.

The substrate can include a distal end and a proximal end. In some embodiments, the distal and proximal ends have different widths. In some embodiments, the distal and proximal ends have the same width. In some embodiments, the proximal end of the sensor remains above the skin surface. In such embodiments, the distal end of the substrate may have a relatively narrow width. Moreover, sensors intended to be positioned at least partially into the tissue of a user's body can be configured to have narrow distal end or distal point to facilitate the insertion of the sensor. For example, for insertable sensors designed for continuous or periodic monitoring of the analyte during normal activities of the patient, a distal end of the sensor which is to be implanted into the user has a width of 2 mm or less, preferably 1 mm or less, and more preferably 0.5 mm or less. In certain embodiments, as disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/870,818, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, the sensor substrate distal end is constructed of material and shape to facilitate insertion of the distal end of the sensor through the skin of a patient without the use of an introducer sharp.

A plurality of electrodes can be disposed near the distal end of sensor. The electrodes include working electrode, counter electrode and reference electrode. Other embodiments, however, can include a greater or fewer number of electrodes.

Each of the electrodes is formed from conductive material, for example, a non-corroding metal or carbon wire. Suitable conductive materials include, for example, vitreous carbon, graphite, silver, silver-chloride, platinum, palladium, or gold. The conductive material can be applied to the substrate by various techniques including laser ablation, printing, etching, silk-screening, and photolithography. In one embodiment, each of the electrodes is formed from gold by a laser ablation technique. The sensor can include conductive traces extending from electrodes to corresponding, respective contacts to define the sensor electronic circuitry. In one embodiment, an insulating substrate (e.g., dielectric material) and electrodes are arranged in a stacked orientation (i.e., insulating substrate disposed between electrodes). Alternatively, the electrodes can be arranged in a side by side orientation (not shown), as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,175,752, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein for all purposes.

The sensor can include a sensing material having one or more components designed to facilitate the electrolysis of the analyte of interest. The components, for example, may be immobilized on the working electrode. Alternatively, the components of the sensing layer may be immobilized within or between one or more membranes or films disposed over the working electrode or the components may be immobilized in a polymeric or sol-gel matrix. Further aspects of the sensor is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,262,035, 5,264,104, 5,264,105, 5,320,725, 5,593,852, and 5,665,222, each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein for all purposes.

In some embodiments, the sensor is a self-powered analyte sensor, which is capable of spontaneously passing a currently directly proportional to analyte concentration in the absence of an external power source. Any exemplary sensor is described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/393,921, filed Feb. 26, 2009, entitled “Self-Powered Analyte Sensor,” which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety herein for all purposes.

C. Inserter

In one aspect of the present disclosure, an inserter is provided. The object to be inserted into the subject can be, for example, an analyte sensor as described above. Alternatively, other objects such as but not limited to an infusion set, or lancing device can be inserted.

An exemplary embodiment of the sensor inserter assembly 100 is illustrated in FIGS. 1-5. Generally, the sensor inserter assembly 100 includes a sensor (not shown) preloaded within inserter 110. After preparing an insertion site on the skin of a user, the user removes an upper liner 116 and lower liner 118 from an adhesive mount 112 to expose the bottom surface and a portion of the top surface of an adhesive tape located on the bottom surface of the mount 112. Mount 112, with inserter 110 attached, is then applied to the user's skin at the insertion site. The inserter includes an actuator button 124 to be pressed causing inserter 110 to fire, thereby inserting sensor 114 (not shown in FIG. 1) into the user's skin S. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the inserter 110 includes a safety member to impede actuation of the inserter as described below. Mount 112, in certain embodiments, may be configured to receive inserter 110 in only a single configuration, thus ensuring proper alignment of the inserter 110 on the mount. Exemplary embodiments of mount and inserter configured for proper alignment can be found in, among others, U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/380,883, 11/535,983, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,697,967, and Ser. No. 12/495,795, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

Once sensor 114 has been inserted into the skin S, the user removes inserter 110 from mount 112 by pressing release tabs 126 on opposite sides of inserter 110 and lifting inserter 110 away from mount 112. Further details of the inserter assembly 100 are provided in U.S. Pat. No. 7,381,184, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein for all purposes. In other embodiments, the inserter may be integrated with the mount, wherein after insertion of the sensor through the skin of the patient, the sensor electronics unit is slid into place on the mount, while the inserter remains part of the mount. Exemplary embodiments are disclosed in, among others, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/216,932, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,731,657, Ser. Nos. 11/192,773, 11/240,257, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,883,464, Ser. No. 11/240,259, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,512,243, and Ser. No. 11/530,472, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,333,714, the disclosures of each of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

Once inserter 110 is removed from mount 112, sensor electronics unit 130 can be slid into place, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The circuitry of sensor electronics unit 130 makes electrical contact with the contacts on sensor 114 after sensor electronics unit 130 is fully seated on mount 112. As discussed hereinabove, mount 112, together with sensor 114, and sensor electronics unit 130 comprises an on-body unit. In some embodiments, sensor electronics unit 130 may include communications circuitry, such as a transmitter, transceiver, or the like, for communicating with additional equipment. For example, once initialization and synchronization procedures are completed, electrochemical measurements from sensor 114 can be sent, e.g., wirelessly from sensor electronics unit 130 to a monitor unit, such as portable receiver 132, as shown in FIG. 3. Sensor 114, mount 112 and sensor electronics unit 130 remain in place on the user for a predetermined period, currently envisioned to be several hours, to several days, e.g., about three days, about five days, about seven days, etc. After expiration of the lifetime of the sensor, these components are then removed so that sensor 114 and mount 112 can be properly discarded. The entire procedure above can then be repeated with a new inserter 110, sensor 114 and mount 112. In some embodiments, the sensor electronics unit 130 and receiver 132 are durable and are reused.

Referring to FIG. 4, the inserter assembly 100 according to one embodiment can be assembled as shown from the following components: e.g., housing 134, actuator button 124, drive spring 136, shuttle 138, introducer sharp 140, sensor 114, retraction spring 142, inserter base 144, upper liner 116, mounting unit 112, adhesive tape 120, and lower liner 118.

Sensor 114 has a main surface 146 slidably mounted between U-shaped rails 148 of introducer sharp 140. Introducer sharp 140 can be mounted to face 154 of shuttle 138, such as with adhesive, heat stake or ultrasonic weld. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/216,932, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,731,657, Ser. No. 11/617,698, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,545,403 and Ser. No. 11/535,983, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,697,967, disclose additional embodiments of sensor introducer sharps and insertion devices, the disclosures of which is incorporated herein by reference.

In some embodiments, shuttle 138 can be slidably and non-rotatably constrained on base 144 by arcuate guides 160. The shuttle can be generally formed by an outer ring 162 and an inner cup-shaped post 164 connected by two bridges 166. Bridges 166 can be configured to slide between the two slots 168 formed between guides 160 and allow shuttle 138 to travel along guides 160 without rotating. Retraction spring 142 can be captivated at its outer circumference by guides 160, at its bottom by the floor 170 (FIG. 5) of base 144, at its top by bridges 166, and at its inner circumference by the outer surface of shuttle post 164. Drive spring 136 is captivated at its bottom and outer circumference by the inside surface of shuttle post 164, at its top by the ceiling 172 (FIG. 5) inside actuator button 124, and at its inner circumference by stem 174 depending from ceiling 172.

When drive spring 136 is compressed between actuator button 124 and shuttle 138 it can urge shuttle 138 towards base 144. When retraction spring 142 is compressed between shuttle 138 and base 144, it urges shuttle 138 towards actuator button 124.

In some embodiments, the actuator button 124 is slidably received within housing 134 from below and resides in opening 176 at the top of housing 134 with limited longitudinal movement. Arms 178 on each side of actuator button 124 can be configured to travel in channels 180 along the inside walls of housing 134, as best seen in FIG. 5. Longitudinal movement of actuator button 124 can be limited in one direction by the base 182 of arms 178 contacting the edge of opening 176 at the top of housing 134, and in the other direction by the distal ends 184 of arms 178 contacting stops 186 in channels 180. Slots 188 are preferably provided in the top of housing 134 for ease of housing manufacture and so tools can be inserted to inwardly compress arms 178 beyond stops 186 to allow actuator button 124 to be removed from housing 134 if needed.

When sensor 114, introducer 140, shuttle 138, retraction spring 142, drive spring 136 and actuator button 124 are assembled between base 144 and housing 134 as shown in FIG. 5 and described above, housing 134 is snapped into place on base 144. Base 144 is held onto housing 134 by upper base barbs 190 that engage upper openings 192 in housing 134, and lower base barbs 194 that engage lower openings 192 in housing 134.

Generally, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, as illustrated in FIG. 6, an introducer 440 is provided which comprises a body portion 401 and a shaft portion 405. Introducer 440 is substantially identical to introducer 140, and useful with an inserter, such as inserter assembly 100 described hereinabove, with the differences illustrated in the accompanying figures, and described herein. The shaft portion 405 can include a substantially sharp distal edge segment 403 to contact and pierce the skin of a user for transcutaneous placement of the sensor through the user's skin S. As shown, the sensor 114 is retained within the shaft portion 405 of the introducer 440 and is configured to be held in position during insertion of the sensor through the user's skin by the substantially hollow cylindrical shape of the shaft portion 405, as illustrated in FIG. 6.

In some embodiments, referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the tip of the analyte sensor 114 can be retained at the distal edge segment 403 of the introducer 440 during the subcutaneously or transcutaneous positioning of the sensor 114 through the user's skin. Thus, the sensor 114 is positioned within the substantially hollow shaft portion 405 of the introducer 440. The distal edge segment 403 of the introducer 440 is configured to first pierce through the user's skin, and guide sensor retained in the shaft portion 405 of the introducer 440 through the pierced skin of the user. After placement of the sensor 114 at the desired location under the skin, the introducer 440 can be retracted from the user, leaving the sensor 114 in place. In some embodiments, during the introducer removal process, a radial configuration 404 of the shaft portion 405 is configured to guide the removal of the introducer 440 from the pierced skin.

In some embodiments, the shaft portion includes one or more holding members configured to retain the sensor in the introducer. For example but not limitation, the shaft portion 405 of the introducer 440 may have a ribbed configuration to provide additional friction fit during the insertion of the introducer and sensor through the skin of the user.

The holding member can include various configurations, as depicted in FIGS. 8 to 31. In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 8-9, the shaft portion 405 may include one or more rolling members 406. The rolling members 406 can include for example rollers, balls, or wheels. In some embodiments, the rolling members 406 are disposed within the channel or wall of the shaft portion 405. The rolling members 406 are configured to retain the sensor 114 in the introducer 140 by friction forces prior to insertion of the sensor 114 into the user's body. During the insertion process, the rolling members 406 can turn or rotate to displace the sensor 114 from the introducer shaft 405 during the insertion process. When the sensor 114 is placed at the desired depth and caught in the mount as part of the insertion (e.g., by hook, clamp or gripper), the rolling members 406 rotate from the friction from the sensor 114 as the introducer exits back into the inserter.

In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 10-11, the shaft portion 405 of the introducer 140 and the sensor 114 comprise a magnet 408 or magnetized area 409, such that magnetic forces retain the sensor within the introducer. The magnetic material can be any material that will provide magnetic forces including, but not limited to, low grade stainless steel, carbon ink, and the like. In some embodiments, the shaft or the sensor can be doped with magnetic metal. The magnet can be disposed along the channel of the shaft portion. In this regard, in accordance with one embodiment, magnetic material can be embedded on the surface of the sensor. Further, a magnet or a magnetized area is fit into the sharp to hold the sensor in place. Release of the magnetic force can occur when the shaft portion 405 is removed as part of the insertion process of the sensor delivery unit.

In other embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 12, the holding member comprises a sheath 407 disposed coaxially about the shaft portion 405. The sheath 407 can comprise one or more perforations along a perforation line 410 disposed along a length of the sheath. In this manner, the sheath can be a tear away member. In some embodiments, the sheath comprises a polymer film. The polymer film can be attached to an outer surface of the shaft portion. Suitable materials for the sheath include polyimide, Pebax, polyethylene, Nylon, PTFE, polyester, and polyurethane.

In another embodiment, as depicted in FIGS. 13-14, the shaft portion 405 can include one or more windings 411 configured to releasably retain the sensor 114. The windings are generally a wound member 411 having the capability to unwind, as illustrated in FIG. 14. While the winding 411 is in the wound configuration, it applies an interference against the sensor body to retain the sensor 114. The sensor can be displaced from the shaft portion 405 upon unwinding the one or more windings. In some embodiments, the windings comprise wound rolls of polymer film.

In other embodiments, the shaft portion 405 of the introducer 140 includes a substantially longitudinal opening 412, as shown in FIGS. 15-17. The sensor 114 can include a flange 413 disposed along an edge of the sensor body 114 to communicate through the longitudinal opening 412. The engagement of the longitudinal opening 412 and the flange 413 provide an interference fit to retain the sensor 114. In some embodiments, the slot includes a distal section 412B configured to be wider than the width of a proximal section 412A, and sufficiently wide such that the sensor flange 413 may be displaced from the shaft when the flange becomes disposed in the wider section of the opening 412, for example during the insertion process as the sensor travels towards an insertion position. In this manner, the longitudinal opening 412 can be provided with a greater width at a distal section to allow the introducer 140 to be completely de-coupled from the sensor 114 retained within the shaft portion 405 during the placement thereof, so that the introducer 140 may be removed completely from the user, while leaving in place the sensor 114.

As an alternative, illustrated in FIGS. 18-20 the sensor 114 can be configured to include a pin 415 extending from a lateral end of the sensor body. Similar to the flange member described above, the pin can engage a slot 412′ formed in the introducer so as to retain the sensor in the introducer. In some embodiments, the pin can be configured as a hinge member 416.

In yet another embodiment, the holding member can include a sponge material 417 disposed along the channel of the shaft portion 405, as shown in FIG. 21. The sponge material 417 can be configured to provide a soft interference fit with a sensor 114 disposed in the shaft portion 405 and may comprise polyurethane, polyether, polystyrene, or isoprene foams. The foams can be attached via adhesive, or applied during the lubricious coating process (i.e., a silicone coating used to reduce friction and make insertion more smooth).

In other embodiments, the shaft 405 is provided with a diaphragm 418, such as a thin, semi-rigid membrane housed along a portion of the channel. The diaphragm can include an opening 419 to receive and retain the sensor, as shown in FIG. 22. The diaphragm 418 may be molded or cast polymer (silicone, urethane or TPE) plug or insert with a series of slits or webbing similar to an iris. Or it could be a type of a duckbill valve. In one embodiment, the diaphragm 418 is fixed (molded or glued) to the inner diameter of the introducer. The diaphragm 418 may be rigid enough to hold the sensor but flexible to open when the sensor is captured during insertion.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, the introducer 440 may be configured to reduce the insertion and extraction forces through the user's skin, thus reducing trauma to the skin. In this regard, the introducer 440 can be configured to include a compressible member 518 attached to a lateral side of the introducer 440, as illustrated in FIGS. 23-24. In some embodiments, the compressible member 518 can include a first section, or barrel 519, and a second section, or plunger 520, as shown in FIG. 23. The first section 519 can include a compressible body. For example, the compressible body can include a spring, such as a compression spring 522 (illustrated in dashed lines). In some embodiments, the first section 519 includes a housing comprising the spring. The springs may be helical compression springs having variable pitch and compression rate. The shape of the spring can be straight, hourglass, conical or barrel. Alternatively, a controlled friction can be used to allow a plunger 520 to move inside the barrel 519 at a set force. When the predetermined “break force” is reached, the plunger 520 can move. As illustrated in FIGS. 26-27, the shaft 405 of the introducer 440 is attached in some embodiments to the housing of the compression member 518.

In some embodiments, the second section 520 of the compressible member 518 is non-compressible, but retractable. For example, the second section 520 can be formed from a solid thermoplastic member. The first section 519 can be configured to receive the second section 520. In this manner, the compressible member 518 can be compressed upon retraction of the second section 520 within the first portion housing 519. In this regard, the first and second sections can have a telescoping relationship, such that the sliding engagement of the second member upwardly into the first member causes compression of the compressible member, as illustrated in FIG. 25. A first position of second section 520 is illustrated in dashed line and the second position of the second section 520 is illustrated in solid line. The compression of the compressible member 518 by the retraction of the second member 520 causes the distal edge 403 of the introducer shaft, i.e., the sharp, to contact and pierce through the skin of the user.

During operation, as shown in FIGS. 28-30, the compressible member 518 contacts the skin S of a user. During this process, the second section 520 of the compressible member contacts the skin S prior to the introducer edge 403 because the distal end of the compressible member 518 is initially distal to the introducer distal end 403. See FIGS. 28-29. In this manner, the second member 520 can depress the skin S from the pressure of the contact between the second section 520 and the skin S. As shown in FIG. 30, the distal end 403 of the introducer 440 then makes contact with the skin S, as the compressible section 518 compressed upon retraction of the second section 520 upwardly to allow the distal end 403 of the introducer 440 to puncture the skin S and proceed to insert the sensor 114 (not shown in FIG. 30). The compressible member 518 allows control of the depth of the puncture. By maintaining a relatively small skin puncture, it is possible to reduce the amount of potential bleeding during the skin piercing process for subcutaneous or transcutaneous sensor placement, and likewise the result is less bruising and also faster healing.

In some embodiments, the edge segment 403 of the introducer 440 guides the sensor 114 into and through the skin puncture. The edge segment 403 may be sharpened and polished to facilitate a smooth puncture and a clean cut through the user's skin. In this regard, the substantially hollow shaft portion can be configured to minimize the necessary force to deploy the introducer, and minimize pain and skin trauma during puncture and removal of the introducer from the skin. In this regard, the edge segment 403 of the introducer 440 includes a substantially sharp and angled tip (as shown in FIG. 6) for piercing the user's skin. The edge segment 403 of the introducer 440 can be sharp and tapered to facilitate skin piercing while minimizing skin trauma. In this manner, it is possible to minimize the size of the skin wound at the piercing site where the introducer 440 is placed through the skin, and thus, the user will likely experience a faster healing time.

Referring to FIGS. 31-45, actuator 124 described hereinabove can be provided with a safety member, such as safety member 625, 625′, 625″, 634, 636, 650, configured to impede actuation of the actuator, by for example, preventing the actuator button 124 from being depressed. Accordingly, the safety member can avoid accidental firing of inserter assembly 100. The safety member can take the form of various configurations.

For example, the safety member 625 can comprise a pin or a plug member, such as, but not limited to, a “grenade” pin, or molded plug, as disclosed in FIGS. 31-36. In this regard, as depicted in FIGS. 31-32, the actuator 124 can include one or more apertures or slots (not shown) extending through the actuator 124 through which the safety pin 628 is disposed. The safety member can further include a pull tab 626 for ease of removal to deactivate the safety. As depicted in FIGS. 33-34, the actuator 124 can include one or more apertures or slots (not shown) extending through the actuator 124 through which the safety pin 628′ is disposed. The safety member can further include a pull tab 626′ for ease of removal to deactivate the safety.

In yet another embodiment, the safety member 625″ can include a body having a first end 630 and a second end 632 configured to form an L-shaped body, as shown in FIGS. 35-36. In this regard, the L-shaped safety member includes, as part of its unitary body a pull tab 630 that protrudes from the slot or aperture formed in actuator 124. In this manner, the first or second ends of the L-shaped body can define a pull tab for deactivation of the safety.

In other embodiments, the safety member comprises a D-ring 634, as shown in FIGS. 37-38. The D ring 634 can be formed from plastic or a metal. As illustrated in FIG. 39, the actuator can include a slot having an opening in communication with the exterior of the actuator. The D-ring can be slid and disposed in the slot, as shown in FIG. 38.

In yet another embodiment, the safety member can comprise a press clip 636, as illustrated in FIGS. 40-42. The press clip 636, in some embodiments, comprises first and second legs 638, 640 connected to each other at a bridging member 642. The press clip 636 includes first and second feet 644, 646 configured to be disposed in one or more apertures formed in the actuator, as illustrated in FIGS. 41 and 42. The configuration of clip 636 provides an outward force, as indicated by arrows 40. The press clip 646 can be disposed in one or more apertures formed on an interior surface of the actuator 124 as illustrated in FIG. 42.

In yet another embodiment, the safety member can comprise a press clip 650, as illustrated in FIGS. 43-45. The press clip 650, in some embodiments, comprises first and second legs 652, 654 connected to each other at a bridging member 656. The press clip 650 includes first and second feet 658, 660 configured to be disposed in one or more apertures formed in the actuator 124, as illustrated in FIGS. 44 and 45. The configuration of clip 650 provides an inward force, as indicated by arrows 43. The press clip 650 can be disposed in one or more apertures formed on an exterior surface of the actuator 124 as illustrated in FIG. 45.

During disposition of the safety member 625 in the actuator, depression of the actuator is impeded. The safety member can be formed from a variety of materials. For example, the material can be a thermoplastic material, such as TPE materials or a metal. In some embodiments, the thermoplastic material has a shore hardness of about 40 to 50. In another embodiment, plastic, metal, wood, or paper can be formed in the shape of a pin as long as it could serve to prevent the downward movement of the button.

Upon deactivation of the safety member such as by removal of the safety member, tabs 122, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 5, can be squeezed inward just enough to clear the rim 204 of opening 176 while pressing the actuator button 124 down to fire the inserter. Alternatively, tabs 122 can be squeezed further inward so that barbs on the inside edges can engage catches located on a center portion of actuator button 124 by simply pressing down on the actuator button 124.

Referring back to FIG. 5, shuttle 138 is provided with laterally extending barbed fingers 212 which travel in channels 180 along the inside walls of housing 134. When shuttle 138 is inserted up into housing 134 far enough, barbed fingers 212 momentarily deflect inward and then snap outward again to catch on stops 186. In this armed or cocked position as shown, drive spring 136 is compressed and urging shuttle 138 towards base 144, but barbed fingers 212 catching on stops 186 prevent such travel.

After manufacture of the sensor inserter assembly, the sensor inserter assembly can be shipped in an unarmed position. In this manner, no safety member as described above is necessary for safe shipping or handling as the sensor inserter assembly in its unarmed position cannot fire. In this regard, as shown in FIG. 46 the sensor inserter assembly 110 in its unarmed position can include a pin 728 member, such as a plastic tubular member, disposed in the firing path of the inserter. The pin 728 is configured to butt against the bottom of the shuttle 138 and protrude from the bottom surface of the sensor inserter assembly, as shown in FIGS. 46 and 47. The pin 728 can keep the shuttle from bouncing on the return spring.

In another aspect of the present disclosure, a method is provided to arm the sensor inserter assembly. The sensor can be armed by the user prior to insertion of a sensor. The method includes, as shown in FIGS. 47-49, contacting the sensor inserter assembly against a surface, such as a table top. The contact of the pin 728 with a relatively hard surface causes the pin to be pushed upwardly the retraction position such that the barbed fingers 212 are moved to a cocked position, as described above. In this manner, the sensor inserter assembly can be configured such that an audible click is sounded when the barbed fingers move to position. During movement to the armed position, the actuator button 124 moves upwardly to the cocked position. After the barbed fingers and the actuator are armed, the pin 728 is removed from the sensor insertion assembly and the sensor inserter assembly is armed and ready to use.

In operation, the user arms the drive mechanism, such as the first spring, to generate the sufficient inertial force needed to drive the introducer and the sensor through the user's skin. In one embodiment, the introducer and the sensor are provided in a fully assembled in the sensor inserter assembly package within a transmitter mounting unit. Thus, when the user wishes to place the sensor subcutaneously or transcutaneously, the drive mechanism is armed and the user places the transmitter mount on the surface of the user's skin where the user wishes to place the sensor. In other embodiments, the sensor insertion assembly may be self-arming, allowing for ease of insertion of the sensor. Examples of such embodiments can be found in, among others, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/129,573, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,613,703, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

Additional embodiments of analyte sensor insertion devices can be found in, among others, U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/552,072, 13/434,804, 11/216,932, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,731,657, Ser. No. 11/617,698, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,545,403, Ser. Nos. 11/380,883 and 11/535,983, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,697,967, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Such embodiments include insertion devices utilizing variable speed insertion, by varying the speed of the shuttle through the insertion device; shape memory alloy insertion devices, wherein the introducer is constructed of a shape memory alloy that changes shape from a compressed state to a rigid insertion shape upon activation of the shape memory alloy; and coupleable insertion devices and on-skin mounting units, wherein the systems are configured such that the insertion device and on-skin mounting unit can only be coupled in a position such that the insertion device is aligned for proper sensor insertion.

Various other modifications and alterations in the structure and method of operation of this present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Although the present disclosure has been described in connection with specific embodiments, it should be understood that the present disclosure as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. It is intended that the following claims define the scope of the present disclosure and that structures and methods within the scope of these claims. Additional detailed description of embodiments of the disclosed subject matter are provided in but not limited to: U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,299,082; 7,167,818; 7,041,468; 6,942,518; 6,893,545; 6,881,551; 6,773,671; 6,764,581; 6,749,740; 6,746,582; 6,736,957; 6,730,200; 6,676,816; 6,618,934; 6,616,819; 6,600,997; 6,592,745; 6,591,125; 6,560,471; 6,540,891; 6,514,718; 6,514,460; 6,503,381; 6,461,496; 6,377,894; 6,338,790; 6,299,757; 6,284,478; 6,270,455; 6,175,752; 6,161,095; 6,144,837; 6,143,164; 6,121,009; 6,120,676; 6,071,391; 5,918,603; 5,899,855; 5,822,715; 5,820,551; 5,628,890; 5,601,435; 5,593,852; 5,509,410; 5,320,715; 5,264,014; 5,262,305; 5,262,035; 4,711,245; 4,545,382; 5,356,786; 5,543,326; 6,103,033; 6,134,461; 6,143,164; 6,144,837; 6,161,095; 6,579,690; 6,605,200; 6,605,201; 6,618,934; 6,654,625; 6,676,816; 6,730,200; 6,736,957; and 6,932,892; and U.S. Publication Nos. 2004/0186365, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,811,231; 2005/0182306, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,771,183; 2006/0025662, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,740,581; 2006/0091006; 2007/0056858, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,298,389; 2007/0068807, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,846,311; 2007/0095661; 2007/0108048, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,918,975; 2007/0199818, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,811,430; 2007/0227911, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,887,682; 2007/0233013; 2008/0066305, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,894,740; 2008/0081977, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,618,369; 2008/0102441, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,822,557; 2008/0148873, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,802,467; 2008/0161666; 2008/0267823; and 2009/0054748, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,885,698; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/745,878, filed Dec. 26, 2003, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,811,231 and entitled “Continuous Glucose Monitoring System and Methods of Use”, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/143,731, filed Jun. 20, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,597,188 and entitled “Health Management Devices And Methods”; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/143,734, filed Jun. 20, 2008, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,617,069 and entitled “Health Monitor”; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/149,639, filed Feb. 3, 2009 and entitled “Compact On-Body Physiological Monitoring Device And Methods Thereof”; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/291,326 filed Dec. 30, 2009, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/299,924 filed Jan. 29, 2010; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/461,725, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,866,026; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/131,012; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/242,823, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,219,173; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/363,712, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,346,335; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/698,124; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/698,129, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,402,544; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/714,439; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/794,721, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,595,607; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/842,013; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/238,646; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/345,562; U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/361,374; and elsewhere, the disclosures of each are incorporated by reference in their entirety herein for all purposes.

The foregoing only illustrates the principles of the disclosed subject matter. Various modifications and alterations to the described embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings herein. It will be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise numerous modifications which, although not explicitly described herein, embody the principles of the disclosed subject matter and are thus within the spirit and scope of the disclosed subject matter. 

1-21. (canceled)
 22. A direct-press insertion sensor device for measuring an analyte concentration, the device comprising: an in vivo portion configured to be inserted through a skin of a host, the in vivo portion comprising at least one electrode and a membrane covering at least a portion of the at least one electrode; and an ex vivo portion configured to support the sensor device on a surface of the skin of the host, the ex vivo portion comprising: an upper surface comprising a flexible material configured to receive direct pressure from a user for insertion of the in vivo portion of the sensor device; and a lower surface comprising an adhesive configured to adhere the ex vivo portion to the host's skin.
 23. The sensor device of claim 22, wherein the in vivo portion is configured to be inserted through the host's skin without substantial buckling.
 24. The sensor device of claim 22, wherein the at least one electrode comprises a working electrode and a reference electrode.
 25. The sensor device of claim 22, wherein the ex vivo portion comprises a sensor electronics unit operatively and detachably connected to the in vivo portion.
 26. The sensor device of claim 25, wherein the sensor electronics unit is configured to be located over a sensor insertion site.
 27. The sensor device of claim 22, wherein the upper surface comprises an elastomeric material.
 28. The sensor device of claim 22, wherein the in vivo portion has a substantially circular or oval shape.
 29. The sensor device of claim 22, wherein the ex vivo portion has a domed shape prior to sensor insertion.
 30. The sensor device of claim 22, wherein the direct pressure is from a thumb or finger of a user.
 31. The sensor device of claim 22, wherein the upper surface is configured to remain in a collapsed state after the insertion of the in vivo portion.
 32. The sensor device of claim 22, wherein the in vivo portion comprises a sensor body and a tissue piercing element.
 33. The sensor device of claim 22, wherein the ex vivo portion comprises a guiding portion configured to provide guidance and support to the in vivo portion as the in vivo portion is inserted through the skin of the host.
 34. The sensor device of claim 22, wherein the ex vivo portion comprises a lock to prevent withdrawal of the in vivo portion after insertion.
 35. The sensor device of claim 22, wherein the ex vivo portion comprises a self-containing sterile field, wherein prior to sensor insertion the in vivo portion is hidden inside the self-containing field skin and cannot be seen. 